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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(74): 177-182, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-164188

RESUMO

El planteamiento del marco analítico, y su representación gráfica, forma parte del abordaje integral para la realización de las revisiones sistemáticas que el US Preventive Services Task Force utiliza en el proceso de elaboración de sus recomendaciones. Se incluye como parte de la metodología para el desarrollo del plan de trabajo. Junto a las preguntas clave, establecen los pasos necesarios en la lógica clínica que deben ser demostrados para evaluar la eficacia y los daños de un servicio preventivo en Atención Primaria. El objetivo de un marco analítico es presentar clara y esquemáticamente las preguntas específicas que relacionan intervenciones y resultados y que deben ser contestadas por la revisión bibliográfica. Se describe una convención para su diseño respecto a los ítems, enlaces, símbolos y representación gráfica (AU)


The analytic framework and its graphic representation, takes part of the integral approach in the systematic reviews that the US Preventive Services Task Force develop in the process of developing their recommendations. It is included as part of the methodology for the process of the working plan. Together with the key questions, the analytic framework establishes the needed steps in the logical process that should be demonstrated in order to assess the efficacy and the harms of a preventive service in primary care. The objective of an analytic framework is to present clearly and schematically the specific questions that relate interventions and results and that should be answered through the bibliographic review. A convention for its design, items, links, symbols and graphic representation is described (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Consenso , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/métodos , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/organização & administração , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/normas , Promoção da Saúde/normas , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/tendências , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 19(73): 75-82, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161864

RESUMO

Desde su creación, el Grupo PrevInfad ha trabajado con los objetivos de formular y mantener actualizadas las recomendaciones sobre actividades preventivas a realizar en la población infantil y adolescente española y mejorar la práctica clínica y promover la salud pública en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria. Las recomendaciones de PrevInfad van dirigidas principalmente a los pediatras de Atención Primaria, personal de enfermería y otros profesionales de la salud. En este trabajo presentamos una versión resumida del manual de trabajo del Grupo PrevInfad, que se ha actualizado recientemente. Para mayor detalle recomendamos a las personas interesadas consultar la versión íntegra, que se encuentra en la página web del grupo. Los métodos descritos están destinados a garantizar que las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sean metodológicamente sólidas, científicamente defendibles, reproducibles y bien documentadas (AU)


The working group PrevInfad has faced since its beginning the objectives of formulating and updating recommendations on preventive activities for Spanish children and adolescents, improving clinical practice and promoting public health in Primary Care. Previnfad recommendations address mainly to Primary Care paediatricians, nurses and other health professionals. In this paper, we present a resumed version of PrevInfad procedure manual, recently updated. We recommend to consult the complete version available in PrevInfad web site. The described methods are intended to ensure that the recommendations of PrevInfad are methodologically solid, scientifically defendable, reproducible and well documented (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Manuais como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Sociedades/prevenção & controle , Sociedades/políticas , Grupos de Autoajuda/organização & administração , Grupos de Autoajuda/normas
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(72): e173-e197, oct.-dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158702

RESUMO

El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) emite todos los años sus recomendaciones sobre la vacunación frente a este virus en la infancia y la adolescencia. La vacunación de la gripe es una actuación especialmente beneficiosa cuando va dirigida a personas (niños y adultos) que se incluyen en los grupos de población considerados de riesgo. Sin embargo, muchos niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a estos grupos de riesgo, y sus convivientes, continúan sin recibir, por distintas razones, dicha vacunación anual. Asimismo, se insiste en la recomendación de la vacunación de los profesionales sanitarios. En el presente documento se presentan las recomendaciones para la vacunación antigripal en la temporada 2016-2017, y se explican los fundamentos y limitaciones de las mismas. Es necesaria una mayor implicación de los profesionales, las autoridades sanitarias y todos los agentes sociales para transmitir cada año a la población, y de forma especial a los padres de niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a los grupos de riesgo, las recomendaciones de vacunación frente a la gripe estacional (AU)


The Advisory Committee on Immunization of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics issues its recommendations about vaccination against influenza virus in children and adolescents every year before the onset of the flu season. Influenza vaccination is particularly beneficial when aimed at individuals, both children and adults, who are included in the population groups considered at risk. However, for various reasons, many children and adolescents with underlying conditions and their contacts are still not given this vaccination annually. There is a need for a greater involvement of health professionals, health authorities and all social agents to inform the population, especially to the parents of children and adolescents in those risk groups, on the recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccination. In this document, current recommendations for influenza vaccination for the 2016-2017 season are presented, and reasons and limitations are explained. The recommendation for influenza vaccination is emphasized for health professionals (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/métodos , Programas de Imunização/organização & administração , Programas de Imunização/normas , Vacinas/classificação , Vacinas
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(69): 65-78, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152281

RESUMO

Hay pruebas de que el cribado universal de la infección tuberculosa latente (ITBL) en zonas de baja incidencia tiene un rendimiento pobre, un número elevado de falsos positivos y no es coste-efectivo. Hay evidencias de que el cribado de la ITBL en los grupos que tienen riesgo elevado de desarrollar una infección tuberculosa activa (ITBA) mejora el rendimiento de las pruebas diagnósticas, el balance beneficio-riesgo y debe formar parte de las estrategias para disminuir el impacto de la tuberculosis. Sobre el dilema de cuál de las tres estrategias (prueba cutánea de la tuberculina [PCT] sola, determinación de la liberación de interferón gamma [IGRA] solo o PCT seguida de IGRA) para el diagnóstico de la ITBL es la que ofrece mejor rendimiento, existe variabilidad tanto en las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) y las instituciones como en las conclusiones de los estudios sobre el tema, aunque la mayoría de las recomendaciones van en el mismo sentido que las que proponemos en este documento. La prueba cutánea de la tuberculina sigue siendo el test diagnóstico con mejor rendimiento para realizar el cribado de la infección tuberculosa latente en niños y adolescentes. Recomendaciones de PrevInfad (GRADE): Se recomienda no realizar el cribado universal de la infección tuberculosa latente en los niños y adolescentes de nuestro país. Se recomienda realizar el cribado de la infección tuberculosa latente en los niños y adolescentes que pertenecen a grupos de riesgo. Se sugiere el uso de la prueba cutánea de la tuberculina (PCT) como primera prueba para el cribado de la infección tuberculosa latente en niños y adolescentes de nuestro país. Se sugiere utilizar los IGRA para los niños y adolescentes de cinco o más años con PCT positiva y antecedente de vacunación con bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) para mejorar la especificidad de la prueba de cribado (AU)


There is evidence that latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening in low incidence areas, has a poor efficiency, many false positives and is not cost-effective. There is evidence that LTBI screening in groups at high risk of developing active tuberculosis infection (ATBI) improves the efficiency of the diagnostic tests as well as the risk-benefit balance and should take part of the strategies to reduce tuberculosis impact. Tuberculin skin test is still the best performing diagnostic test in the screening for latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents. PrevInfad recommendations (GRADE): Universal screening of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents of our country is not recommended. Universal screening of latent tuberculosis infection in high risk groups of children and adolescents is recommended. Tuberculin skin test (TST) as the first test for screening of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents of our country is suggested. IGRA for children and adolescents five or more years old with a positive TST and history of BCG vaccination, is suggested in order to improve the screening test specificity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Testes Cutâneos/instrumentação , Testes Cutâneos/métodos , Testes Cutâneos , Tuberculina/isolamento & purificação , Teste Tuberculínico/métodos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/normas , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/organização & administração , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos de Risco
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 84(1): 60.e1-13, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26589473

RESUMO

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) annually publishes the immunisation schedule which, in our opinion, estimates optimal for children resident in Spain, considering available evidence on current vaccines. We acknowledge the effort of the Ministry of Health during the last year in order to optimize the funded unified Spanish vaccination schedule, with the recent inclusion of pneumococcal and varicella vaccination in early infancy. Regarding the funded vaccines included in the official unified immunization schedule, taking into account available data, CAV-AEP recommends 2+1 strategy (2, 4 and 12 months) with hexavalent (DTPa-IPV-Hib-HB) vaccines and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Administration of Tdap and poliomyelitis booster dose at the age of 6 is recommended, as well as Tdap vaccine for adolescents and pregnant women, between 27-36 weeks gestation. The two-dose scheme should be used for MMR (12 months and 2-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 2-4 years). Coverage of human papillomavirus vaccination in girls aged 11-12 with a two dose scheme (0, 6 months) should be improved. Information for male adolescents about potential beneficial effects of this immunisation should be provided as well. Regarding recommended unfunded immunisations, CAV-AEP recommends the administration of meningococcal B vaccine, due to the current availability in Spanish communitary pharmacies, with a 3+1 scheme (3, 5, 7 and 13-15 months). CAV-AEP requests the incorporation of this vaccine in the funded unified schedule. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants. Annual influenza immunisation and vaccination against hepatitis A are indicated in population groups considered at risk.


Assuntos
Esquemas de Imunização , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pediatria , Espanha , Vacinação
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(68): 317-327, oct.-dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146930

RESUMO

Introducción: en niños y adolescentes sanos, las vacunaciones son con frecuencia fuente de dolor y sufrimiento. Padres, niños, adolescentes y profesionales sanitarios muestran preocupación sobre ello. El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) cree que abordar el dolor y el sufrimiento al vacunar es necesario, siguiendo la metodología de la medicina basada en la evidencia. El objetivo del presente trabajo es elaborar recomendaciones basadas en el conocimiento científico. Material y métodos: se dividió la materia de estudio en cuatro áreas: amamantamiento y soluciones azucaradas, anestésicos tópicos, métodos para la administración de vacunas y otras intervenciones (distracción). Se realizó una síntesis de la evidencia, asumiendo las recomendaciones de la Guía de práctica clínica de Anna Taddio (2010) e incorporando la evidencia de revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos posteriores a los incorporados en dicha guía. Resultados: las medidas que se han mostrado efectivas en la disminución del dolor han sido las siguientes: en lactantes, amamantar antes, durante y después de la inyección; las soluciones azucaradas son una alternativa si la lactancia materna no fuera posible; los anestésicos tópicos son eficaces para todas las edades, pero requieren un tiempo para mostrar su efecto y tienen un coste; no aspirar en la inyección intramuscular y hacerlo lo más rápido posible; administrar las vacunas de forma que la más dolorosa sea la última; cuando sea posible, es preferible inyectar simultáneamente más de una vacuna que hacerlo de forma secuencial; sostener al niño en brazos; y utilizar maniobras de distracción para niños de 2-14 años. Conclusiones: realizada una exhaustiva revisión del tema, hay pruebas suficientes para afirmar que los profesionales que administran vacunas infantiles deberían poner en práctica medidas para atenuar el dolor que indudablemente acompaña al procedimiento de la vacunación. Se trata además, en general, de medidas técnicamente sencillas y fáciles de incorporar a la práctica (AU)


Background: in healthy children and adolescents, immunizations that require a needle related procedure are the most common source of pain and distress. Parents, children, adolescents and health-care providers are concerned about this. The Advisory Committee on Immunization of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (CAV-AEP) believes that address pain and distress at the time of vaccination is necessary following recommendations that have to be based on rigor and science. Methods: we divided the subject in four areas: Breastfeeding and oral sucrose solutions, topical anaesthetics, vaccination administration methods and other interventions (distraction). Synthesis of evidence was made. Assuming the recommendations of The Clinical Guideline of Anne Taddio (2010) and adding the evidence of clinical trial published after the Guide. Results: methods that showed effectiveness in diminishing pain were: for infants, breastfeeding before, during and after the puncture is effective in manage pain. Oral sucrose solutions could be an alternative if breastfeeding is not possible. Topical anaesthetics are effective for all ages but a time to produce effect is required and need financial resources. No aspiration for intramuscular injection, put the injection as quickly as possible, give the vaccines so that the most painful the last. If more than one vaccine injection are required in the same visit, and it is possible, it is preferable to inject simultaneously more than one vaccine than sequentially. Hold the infant. For children 2 to 14 years use distraction techniques. Conclusions: as a thorough revision of the topic was made, there are enough evidence to recommend that in any setting where children immunization is given, techniques to mitigate pain at the time of vaccination should be implemented, moreover these strategies are simple and easy to assimilate in clinical practice (AU)


Assuntos
Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Dor/prevenção & controle , Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Injeções/efeitos adversos , Anestesia , Analgesia
8.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(67): 271-274, jul.-sept. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-141526

RESUMO

Un ensayo clínico, publicado en 2014, bien diseñado y con poca probabilidad de sesgo, muestra que en niños de alto riesgo de enfermedad celíaca, la ingesta de gluten en pequeñas cantidades no reduce la incidencia de enfermedad celíaca a los tres años de vida; también, que la lactancia materna tampoco tuvo ningún efecto en la incidencia de la enfermedad a los tres años. Estos resultados están en clara contradicción con las recomendaciones emitidas en 2008 por la European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). La conclusión es que se mantiene la recomendación de la lactancia materna exclusiva en los primeros seis meses de vida y que la introducción progresiva del gluten entre los cuatro y los seis meses de edad no reduce la incidencia de enfermedad celíaca (AU)


A well designed clinical trial, with low risk of bias, published in 2014, shows that, in celiac disease high risk infants, small amounts of gluten in the diet don’t reduce the incidence of celiac disease at three years of age; moreover, breastfeeding didn’t have any effect in the disease incidence at three years of age either. These results are clearly contradictory with the 2008 ESPGHAN recommendations. The conclusion is the adherence to the recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding the first six months of life and that the progressive introduction of gluten between 4 and 6 months of age do not reduce celiac disease incidence (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Glutens/uso terapêutico , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidade a Trigo/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Duplo-Cego , Aleitamento Materno/instrumentação , Aleitamento Materno/métodos
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(66): e159-e179, abr.-jun. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137536

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se aportan los resultados obtenidos de la revisión del tema del cribado de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente. No existe acuerdo entre las distintas sociedades científicas implicadas en este problema sobre si se debe o no realizar cribado universal sistemático de esta patología. Tras elaborar un marco analítico donde se encuadran las preguntas clínicas que se tratan de responder, se repasan los conceptos de magnitud del problema e historia natural del proceso. Se valoran los estudios sobre las pruebas de cribado y la eficacia del tratamiento. Se refieren los datos existentes sobre la eficacia de los programas de cribado, su balance riesgo-beneficio y su coste-efectividad. Se informa sobre las recomendaciones de los grupos de expertos a nivel internacional. El grupo PrevInfad considera que los riesgos del cribado universal de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente son mayores que los beneficios y sugiere no realizar el cribado sistemático (AU)


The present paper provides the results of the review on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis screening. There is no agreement among the different scientific societies involved on the issue of recommending or not the universal systematic screening of this condition. An analytic framework is provided with the involved clinical questions to be answered. The prevalence and natural history are described. The studies on screening tests and treatment effectiveness are appraised. The existent data on effectiveness of screening programs are provided, as well as their risk-benefits balance and cost-effectiveness. The recommendations of international expert groups are reported. The group PrevInfad considers that the risks of universal adolescent idiopathic scoliosis screening outweigh the benefits so we suggest not to do systematic screening (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Escoliose/epidemiologia , Escoliose/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/análise , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Exercício Físico , Medição de Risco/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Avaliação de Custo-Efetividade , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Inquéritos e Questionários , História Natural
10.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 82(3): 198.e1-198.e9, mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-133792

RESUMO

La enfermedad meningocócica invasora, con sus 2 formas de presentación principales (sepsis y meningitis), es una patología grave y potencialmente mortal, causada por distintos serogrupos de Neisseria meningitidis, entre los cuales, actualmente, predomina el serogrupo B en Europa. La mayoría de los casos se producen en la edad pediátrica, con una mortalidad aproximada del 10% y un riesgo de secuelas permanentes del 20-30% entre los supervivientes. Presenta mayor incidencia y letalidad en niños sanos menores de 2-3 años, seguidos de los adolescentes, aunque puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Hasta ahora no se contaba con ningún arma inmunopreventiva contra el meningococo B. Así, con la llegada a España de la única vacuna actualmente disponible, el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) ha analizado detalladamente tanto el potencial preventivo de dicha vacuna, como la situación peculiar administrativa de la misma en España. El objetivo de este documento es informar del posicionamiento del CAV-AEP en relación con la vacuna frente al meningococo B y el acceso a la misma por parte de la población infantil española, teniendo en cuenta que ha sido autorizada exclusivamente para el uso hospitalario en personas de riesgo. En Europa, la vacuna sí está disponible en farmacias, incluso incluida en calendarios oficiales de algunos países o regiones. Este comité considera que Bexsero(R) presenta un perfil de vacuna a incluir en todos los calendarios españoles y que debería estar disponible libremente en farmacias para su administración en todos los niños mayores de 2 meses


Meningococcal invasive disease, including the main clinical presentation forms (sepsis and meningitis), is a severe and potentially lethal infection caused by different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal serogroup B is the most prevalent in Europe. Most cases occur in children, with a mortality rate of 10% and a risk of permanent sequelae of 20-30% among survivors. The highest incidence and case fatality rates are observed in healthy children under 2-3 years old, followed by adolescents, although it can occur at any age. With the arrival in Spain of the only available vaccine against meningococcus B, the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics has analysed its preventive potential in detail, as well as its peculiar administrative situation in Spain. The purpose of this document is to publish the statement of the Committee as regards this vaccination and the access to it by the Spanish population, taking into account that it has been only authorized for people at risk. The vaccine is available free in the rest of Europe for those who want to acquire it, and in some countries and regions it has been introduced into the systematic immunisation schedules. The Committee considers that Bexsero(R) has a profile of a vaccine to be included in the official schedules of all the Spanish autonomous communities and insists on the need for it to be available in pharmacies for its administration in all children older than 2 months


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Criança , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo B , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Meningocócicas/epidemiologia , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Infecções Meningocócicas/mortalidade , Infecções Meningocócicas/complicações , Espanha/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia
11.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(65): e57-e67, ene.-mar. 2015. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134641

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se revisan y actualizan las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sobre el cribado de alteraciones visuales en la infancia. Se analizan los beneficios en salud de la detección precoz, la validez y seguridad de las pruebas de cribado, la efectividad del tratamiento y los posibles riesgos de la detección precoz y el tratamiento de los problemas detectados. PrevInfad recomienda incluir la inspección ocular y la prueba del reflejo rojo en las visitas de salud de los primeros seis meses de vida, así como la detección de alteraciones visuales (ambliopía, estrabismo y errores de refracción) a la edad de 3-5 años. La evidencia para evaluar el balance entre los beneficios y los riesgos del cribado de la disminución de la agudeza visual por errores de refracción en niños de 6 a 14 años es insuficiente. Debido a su extensión, el texto se ha divido en dos partes, siendo esta la segunda de ellas (AU)


In this paper the recommendations of PrevInfad on visual screening in children are reviewed. The health benefits of early detection, and the validity and safety of the screening tests are analysed as well as treatment effectivity and the potential risks of early diagnosis and treatment of the detected problems. PrevInfad recommends including eye inspection and red reflex test in the health visits of the first 6 month of life, as well as the detection of visual impairments (amblyopia, strabismus and refraction errors) at 3-5 years of age. Evidence to assess the balance between risks and benefits of reduced visual acuity screening in children 6 to 14 years old is insufficient. Due to its extent, the text has been divided into two parts. We present in this paper the second part (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Seleção Visual/métodos , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Acuidade Visual , Erros de Refração/epidemiologia , Refratometria/métodos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar
12.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 82(1): 44.e1-44.e12, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25554656

RESUMO

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of current vaccines, including levels of recommendation. In our opinion, this is the optimal vaccination calendar for all children resident in Spain. Regarding the vaccines included in the official unified immunization schedule, the Committee emphasizes the administration of the first dose of hepatitis B either at birth or at 2 months of life; the recommendation of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccine at the age of 12 months, with the second dose at the age of 2-3 years; DTaP or Tdap vaccine at the age of 6 years, followed by another Tdap booster dose at 11-12 years old; Tdap strategies for pregnant women and household contacts of the newborn, and immunization against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-12 years old with a 2 dose scheme (0, 6 months). The Committee reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule, the same as it is being conducted in Western European countries. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine, currently blocked in Spain, exhibits the profile of a universal vaccine. The Committe insists on the need of having the vaccine available in communitary pharmacies. It has also proposed the free availability of varicella vaccines. Their efectiveness and safety have been confirmed when they are administred from the second year of life. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A.


Assuntos
Esquemas de Imunização , Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Árvores de Decisões , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Espanha
13.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 82(1): 44.e1-44.e2, ene. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131682

RESUMO

El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría actualiza anualmente su calendario de vacunaciones, tras un análisis tanto epidemiológico como de la seguridad, efectividad y eficiencia de las vacunas actuales, incluyendo grados de recomendación. Es el calendario que se estima idóneo actualmente para los niños residentes en España. En cuanto a las vacunas oficiales incluidas en el calendario común, se recalca la posibilidad de vacunar indistintamente frente a hepatitis B desde el nacimiento o desde los 2 meses; la recomendación de la primera dosis de triple vírica y de varicela a los 12 meses y la segunda a los 2-3 años; la administración de la vacuna DTPa o Tdpa a los 6 años, con refuerzo en la adolescencia; estrategias con Tdpa en embarazadas y convivientes del recién nacido, y la inmunización frente al papilomavirus en niñas a los 11-12 años con pauta de 2 dosis (0, 6 meses). Este comité insiste en la vacunación antineumocócica universal, tal y como se está llevando a cabo en todos los países de Europa Occidental. La vacuna frente al meningococo B, autorizada pero bloqueada actualmente en España, presenta un perfil de vacuna sistemática y se reivindica que, al menos, esté disponible en las farmacias comunitarias. Se propone, igualmente, la disponibilidad pública de las vacunas frente a la varicela, ya que han demostrado ser efectivas y seguras a partir del segundo año de vida. La vacunación frente al rotavirus es recomendable en todos los lactantes. La vacunación antigripal anual y la inmunización frente a la hepatitis A están indicadas en grupos de riesgo


The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on the safety, effectiveness and efficiency of current vaccines, including levels of recommendation. In our opinion, this is the optimal vaccination calendar for all children resident in Spain. Regarding the vaccines included in the official unified immunization schedule, the Committee emphasizes the administration of the first dose of hepatitis B either at birth or at 2 months of life; the recommendation of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccine at the age of 12 months, with the second dose at the age of 2-3 years; DTaP or Tdap vaccine at the age of 6 years, followed by another Tdap booster dose at 11-12 years old; Tdap strategies for pregnant women and household contacts of the newborn, and immunization against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-12 years old with a 2 dose scheme (0, 6 months). The Committee reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule, the same as it is being conducted in Western European countries. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine, currently blocked in Spain, exhibits the profile of a universal vaccine. The Committe insists on the need of having the vaccine available in communitary pharmacies. It has also proposed the free availability of varicella vaccines. Their efectiveness and safety have been confirmed when they are administred from the second year of life. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Programas de Imunização/ética , Programas de Imunização/normas , Programas de Imunização , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/análise , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/administração & dosagem , Comitê de Profissionais/ética , Programas de Imunização/história , Programas de Imunização/provisão & distribuição , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola/provisão & distribuição , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola , Hepatite A/classificação , Vacinas contra Rotavirus/provisão & distribuição , Comitê de Profissionais/organização & administração
14.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 82(3): 198.e1-9, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25304451

RESUMO

Meningococcal invasive disease, including the main clinical presentation forms (sepsis and meningitis), is a severe and potentially lethal infection caused by different serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal serogroup B is the most prevalent in Europe. Most cases occur in children, with a mortality rate of 10% and a risk of permanent sequelae of 20-30% among survivors. The highest incidence and case fatality rates are observed in healthy children under 2-3 years old, followed by adolescents, although it can occur at any age. With the arrival in Spain of the only available vaccine against meningococcus B, the Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics has analysed its preventive potential in detail, as well as its peculiar administrative situation in Spain. The purpose of this document is to publish the statement of the Committee as regards this vaccination and the access to it by the Spanish population, taking into account that it has been only authorized for people at risk. The vaccine is available free in the rest of Europe for those who want to acquire it, and in some countries and regions it has been introduced into the systematic immunisation schedules. The Committee considers that Bexsero® has a profile of a vaccine to be included in the official schedules of all the Spanish autonomous communities and insists on the need for it to be available in pharmacies for its administration in all children older than 2 months.


Assuntos
Meningite Meningocócica/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Meningocócicas , Neisseria meningitidis Sorogrupo B , Criança , Europa (Continente) , Humanos
15.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 16(64): e173-e194, oct.-dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131219

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se revisan y actualizan las recomendaciones de PrevInfad sobre el cribado de alteraciones visuales en la infancia. Se analizan los beneficios en salud de la detección precoz, la validez y seguridad de las pruebas de cribado, la efectividad del tratamiento y los posibles riesgos de la detección precoz y el tratamiento de los problemas detectados. PrevInfad recomienda incluir la inspección ocular y la prueba del reflejo rojo en las visitas de salud de los primeros seis meses de vida, así como la detección de alteraciones visuales (ambliopía, estrabismo y errores de refracción) a la edad de 3-5 años. La evidencia para evaluar el balance entre los beneficios y los riesgos del cribado de la disminución de la agudeza visual por errores de refracción en niños de 6 a 14 años es insuficiente. Debido a su extensión, el texto se ha divido en dos partes. Presentamos en este artículo la primera de ellas (AU)


In this paper the recommendations of PrevInfad on visual screening in children are reviewed. The health benefits of early detection, and the validity and safety of the screening tests are analyzed as well as treatment effectivity, potential risks of early diagnosis and treatment of the detected problems. PrevInfad recommends including eye inspection and red reflex test in the health visits of the first 6 month of life, as well as the detection of visual impairments (amblyopia, strabismus and refraction errors) at 3-5 years of age. Evidence to assess the balance between risks and benefits of reduced visual acuity screening in children 6 to 14 years old is insufficient. Due to its extent, the text has been divided into two parts. We present in this paper the first of them (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Criança , Adolescente , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/prevenção & controle , Ambliopia/epidemiologia , Ambliopia/prevenção & controle , Acuidade Visual/imunologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Transtornos da Visão/economia , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Transtornos da Visão/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/prevenção & controle , Testes Visuais/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
17.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 16(62): 147-153, abr.-jun. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125012

RESUMO

El beneficio de la suplementación con yodo durante la gestación en las áreas con deficiencia grave de yodo está bien establecido. En el año 2004 la Organización Mundial de la Salud incluyó a España entre los países con adecuada ingesta de yodo y varios estudios recientes confirman que la ingesta de yodo es suficiente en la población española. Los profesionales españoles, sin embargo, se han encontrado con recomendaciones contradictorias, lo que ha generado confusión e incertidumbre en la práctica a seguir en cuanto a la suplementación de yodo a la mujer gestante o en periodo de lactancia. A los clínicos e investigadores les preocupa que las situaciones de déficit de yodo leve o moderado puedan relacionarse con un peor desarrollo de los niños, pero la suplementación rutinaria de yodo en la gestación no está exenta de riesgo. PrevInfad considera que, al tratarse de una medida profiláctica que afecta a dos individuos -madre e hijo- y que se aplica al conjunto de una población sana, debe primar el principio de precaución y que no existen pruebas de calidad suficiente para determinar el balance entre los beneficios y los riesgos de la suplementación farmacológica de yodo durante la gestación y la lactancia, por lo que sugiere que no se realice esta intervención (AU)


The benefits of Iodine supplementation in Iodine-deficient areas are well established. The World Health Organization included Spain among the countries with an adequate Iodine intake in 2004 and some recent research papers confirm that Iodine intake is adequate in the Spanish population. Nevertheless, Spanish health professionals have been faced with contradictory recommendations, producing confusion and uncertainty in clinical practice referring to Iodine supplementation in pregnancy and breastfeeding mothers. Clinicians and researchers are concerned that mild or moderate Iodine deficiency could be related to underdevelopment in children, but routine Iodine supplementation in pregnancy is not risk free. The working group PrevInfad (Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence) considers that being a preventive intervention that applies to the total healthy population, the precaution principle must be prioritized, and that there is no evidence on the balance risk-benefit in the pharmacological Iodine supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For these reasons they suggest not making this intervention


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Nutrição da Gestante , Aleitamento Materno , Nutrição Materna , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Hormônios Tireóideos/análise
18.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 80(1): 55.e1-55.e37, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24412025

RESUMO

The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAV-AEP) updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on safety, effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. The present schedule includes levels of recommendation. We have graded, as routine vaccinations, those that the CAV-AEP consider all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunisation and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be prioritised according to the resources available for their public funding; and as risk group vaccinations those that specifically target individuals in special situations. Immunisation schedules tend to be dynamic and adaptable to ongoing epidemiological changes. Based on the latest epidemiological trends, CAV-AEP recommends the administration of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccines at age 12 months, with the second dose at age 2-3 years; the administration of DTaP or Tdap vaccine at age 4-6 years, always followed by another Tdap dose at 11-12 years; and the three meningococcal C scheme at 2 months, 12 months and 12 years of age. It reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule. The CAV-AEP believes that the coverage of vaccination against human papillomavirus in girls aged 11-12 years must be increased. Universal vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy, and the immediate public availability of the vaccine is requested in order to guarantee the right of healthy children to be vaccinated. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants due to the morbidity and elevated healthcare burden of the virus. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine has opened a chapter of hope in the prevention of this disease. In anticipation of upcoming national and international studies, the Committee recommends the vaccine for the control of disease outbreaks, and insists on the need to be available in pharmacies. Finally, it emphasises the need to bring incomplete vaccinations up to date following the catch-up immunisation schedule.


Assuntos
Esquemas de Imunização , Vacinação/normas , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
19.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 80(1): 55.e1-55.e37, ene. 2014. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118976

RESUMO

El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP) actualiza anualmente el calendario de vacunaciones teniendo en cuenta tanto aspectos epidemiológicos como de seguridad, efectividad y eficiencia de las vacunas. El presente calendario incluye grados de recomendación. Se consideran vacunas sistemáticas aquellas que el CAV-AEP estima que todos los niños deberían recibir; recomendadas, las que presentan un perfil de vacuna sistemática en la edad pediátrica y que es deseable que los niños reciban, pero que pueden ser priorizadas en función de los recursos para su financiación pública; y dirigidas a grupos de riesgo, aquellas con indicación preferente para personas en ciertas situaciones especiales. Los calendarios de vacunaciones tienen que ser dinámicos y adaptarse a los cambios epidemiológicos que vayan surgiendo. Teniendo en cuenta los últimos cambios en la epidemiología de las enfermedades, el CAV-AEP recomienda la administración de la 1.a dosis de las vacunas triple vírica y varicela a los 12 meses y la 2.a dosis a los 2-3 años; la administración de la vacuna DTPa o Tdpa a los 4-6 años, siempre acompañada de otra dosis de Tdpa a los 11-12 años; y el paso a un esquema 2 meses, 12 meses y 12 años de la vacunación frente al meningococo C. Se reafirma en la recomendación de incluir la vacunación frente al neumococo en el calendario de vacunación sistemático. El CAV-AEP estima que deben incrementarse las coberturas de vacunación frente al papiloma virus humano en las niñas a los 11-12 años. La vacunación universal frente a la varicela iniciada en el segundo año de vida es una estrategia efectiva, y se solicita la inmediata disponibilidad pública de la vacuna, reclamando el derecho a la prescripción y el derecho de los niños sanos a poder ser vacunados. La vacunación frente al rotavirus, dadas la morbilidad y la elevada carga sanitaria, es recomendable en todos los lactantes. Se insiste en la necesidad de vacunar frente a la gripe y a la hepatitis A a todos los que presenten factores de riesgo para dichas enfermedades. La vacuna frente al meningococo B, recientemente autorizada, abre un capítulo de esperanza en la prevención de esta enfermedad. En espera de próximos estudios nacionales e internacionales se recomienda, por el momento, para el control de brotes epidémicos y se insiste en el deseo de que sea comercializada libremente en las oficinas de farmacia. Por último, se insiste en la necesidad de actualizar las vacunaciones incompletas con las pautas de vacunación acelerada


The Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics (CAVAEP) updates the immunisation schedule every year, taking into account epidemiological data as well as evidence on safety, effectiveness and efficiency of vaccines. The present schedule includes levels of recommendation. We have graded, as routine vaccinations, those that the CAV-AEP consider all children should receive; as recommended those that fit the profile for universal childhood immunisation and would ideally be given to all children, but that can be prioritised according to the resources available for their public funding; and as risk group vaccinations those that specifically target individuals in special situations. Immunisation schedules tend to be dynamic and adaptable to ongoing epidemiological changes. Based on the latest epidemiological trends, CAV-AEP recommends the administration of the first dose of MMR and varicella vaccines at age 12 months, with the second dose at age 2-3years; the administration of DTaP or Tdap vaccine at age 4-6 years, always followed by another Tdap dose at 11-12 years; and the three meningococcal C scheme at 2 months, 12 months and 12 years of age. It reasserts its recommendation to include vaccination against pneumococcal disease in the routine immunisation schedule. The CAV-AEP believes that the coverage of vaccination against human papilloma virus in girls aged 11-12 years must be increased. Universal vaccination against varicella in the second year of life is an effective strategy, and the immediate public availability of the vaccine is requested in order to guarantee the right of healthy children to be vaccinated. Vaccination against rotavirus is recommended in all infants due to the morbidity and elevated healthcare burden of the virus. The Committee stresses the need to vaccinate population groups considered at risk against influenza and hepatitis A. The recently authorised meningococcal B vaccine has opened a chapter of hope in the prevention of this disease. In anticipation of upcoming national and international studies, the Committee recommends the vaccine for the control of disease outbreaks, and insists on the need to be available in pharmacies. Finally, it emphasises the need to bring incomplete vaccinations up to date following the catch-up immunisation schedule


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Programas de Imunização , Prevenção de Doenças , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/métodos , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus , Vacinas Pneumocócicas , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Vacina contra Varicela
20.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(59): 251-253, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115836

RESUMO

Los llamados tatuajes temporales realizados con henna negra son cada vez más frecuentes durante los meses de verano, especialmente en niños y jóvenes. La henna es un colorante natural que se utiliza mezclado con otras sustancias, como la parafenilendiamina, que pueden tener capacidad sensibilizante. Se describe el caso de un niño de cuatro años que presentó en ambos antebrazos lesiones residuales hipopigmentadas un mes después de la realización de estos tatuajes. Queremos aprovechar estas imágenes curiosas para llamar la atención sobre los peligros de la henna negra (AU)


The so-called temporary tattoos made with black henna are increasingly common during the summer months, especially in children and youth. Henna is a natural dye that is used mixed with other substances, such as phenylenediamine, which may have sensitizing capacity. We describe the case of a four year old boy who presented residual hypopigmented lesions on both forearms a month after the completion of these tattoos. We want to bring these curious images to draw attention to the dangers of black henna (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Lawsonia (Planta)/efeitos adversos , Dermatite de Contato/complicações , Dermatite de Contato/diagnóstico , Dermatite de Contato/terapia , Tatuagem/efeitos adversos , Tatuagem/tendências , Tatuagem , Prurido/complicações , Prurido/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/induzido quimicamente , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/complicações , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/diagnóstico
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